Desc: Galileo Galilei - Urknall der modernen Physik: Directed by Eike Schmitz. With Sibylle Anderl, Rafaele Dessi, Riccardo Giannini, Nalan Han. Mathematician, physicist, geometer and astronomer, the Italian Galileo Galilei (1564-1642), known as Galileo, challenged established knowledge by advocating a vision of the world based on observation. He challenged the great authorities of his time, refuting Aristotle's theories, which were still the reference at the time, and drew the wrath of some of his colleagues, and then the Catholic Church, which was divided over him. A long controversy then began, during which Galileo alienated his most fervent supporters, such as Pope Urban VIII. Finally condemned for heresy for having defended Copernican heliocentrism against the literal meaning of the Scriptures, Galileo was rehabilitated only in 1992 by Pope John Paul II.